Becoming network native

I think one of the most challenging conceptual blocks facing anyone whose business or interest touches the Internet in some way is the notion that the network itself is the playing field that matters, not any single node within it.

People used to obsess over making the perfect web site. Many are doing the same now with mobile apps.

Crafting the perfect product is an interesting and worthwhile pursuit, but the Internet typically rewards platforms over point solutions.

This might be the line that defines one generation vs the next.

The network natives are busy igniting activity, connecting and collecting things. They see plumbing and grid solutions to grow cities where most people are still building houses.

The really good developers have the ability to generate network activity, to fuel new data by manipulating the way people move around the Internet. They build services for the Internet and expand on data from other platforms.

Simon Willison has demonstrated this in the past with things like Wildlifenearyou, and he’s doing it again with lanyrd.com.  Aaron Straup Cope uses Flickr data and maps platforms to generate new lens through which to see our world:

“We should start to think about how we interpret data the same way that people design patterns for textiles and work with it the way they might approach a bolt of fabric to fashion any number of different objects – from a bag to a dress to a wall-hanging – out of it.”

Daniel Levitt and Tony McCrae are both looking at the world in similar ways as we build the n0tice platform for local community activity.

I’m not just talking about getting hyperdistribution to explode virally across the network.  An interesting network-native startup called Path is demonstrating how to exchange private experiences only amongst people who know eachother via the Internet.

If you’re interested in this stuff, you have to read Steve Yegge’s internal memo about Google’s challenges in the face of platform plays at Amazon and Facebook. A clearer window into what makes the big dotcoms tick has perhaps never been published before.

“A product is useless without a platform, or more precisely and accurately, a platform-less product will always be replaced by an equivalent platform-ized product.”

I don’t know when John Gage or whoever it was at Sun came up with the slogan “the network is the computer”, but it’s probably about 25 years since that statement catalyzed a group of people who were on a shared journey to turn the Internet into a mainstream thing.

Yet there are still too many people focused on creating, producing, delivering, and shipping things meant to be purchased and consumed. The production-consumption model still dominates the way people think.

That wouldn’t be a problem except for the fact that so many traditional institutions and companies and organizations repeatedly get blindsided by new ways of working that undermine everything they stand for.

We’re witnessing a recurring disruption in a very basic anthropological tendency to harness power by controlling information. The scale at which the network is able to break down towers of information power can be comprehensive, swift and seemingly violent.

It really shouldn’t surprise people anymore when this happens. Yet it does.

The network is a market that doesn’t respect secrecy, supply and demand, or many of the other traditional value levers that people have depended on for centuries.

The network respects a connected, service-like approach to the world. How can you tell if network-native thinking has changed the way you see things?

  • Instead of caring about how much value you will get from your customers in exchange for your goods, you care about how much value you create for your customers with your services
  • You want to help other people succeed knowing that you will benefit from their success
  • You simultaneously seek ways to embed what you do into other things and to embed strengths of what others do into your things
  • You view those who do the same thing as you as partners rather than competition
  • You view those who take more than they give as threats
  • Nothing you do is ever done

Being network-native means that the network is where conception and design happens, where manufacturing and production happens, where delivery happens, where feedback and research happens. It means that everything that you can do is done openly on the network with and amongst customers, suppliers, partners and competition.

Of course, even if you want to change the way you operate to be more network-native it’s certainly no easy task. Even the most innovative companies in the world struggle to change their core processes…look no further than the dotcom king – Google.

Amazon is a shining light in this respect. Again, as Steve Yegge notes:

“Amazon was a product company too, so it took an out-of-band force to make Bezos understand the need for a platform. That force was their evaporating margins; he was cornered and had to think of a way out. But all he had was a bunch of engineers and all these computers… if only they could be monetized somehow… you can see how he arrived at AWS, in hindsight.”

What kind of people do you have? What is your greatest asset? Ok, now turn all that into a platform. Simple, right? 😉

Complex storytelling: can journalism fuel game development?

There have been some incredible innovations in journalism over the past few years, particularly around fast-paced, microchunked news creation and distribution. Some might even argue the native format for news in a networked world has been discovered in the form of the Live Blog.

However, increasing the speed and reducing the size of the information bits that hit us does not inherently make us smarter.

The big, heavy, complicated issues that shape our world and our place in it can surely be discussed in native formats for the networked world, too.

What’s the best way to make stories with longer arcs that run parallel to the fast-paced news agenda more accessible to people? Issues like education reform, globalisation, ethics in biotechnology, energy security, poverty, pandemics, etc.

In the coming weeks and months we’re going to see journalist/anthropologist Joris Luyendijk openly exploring the world of finance via the Guardian. He’ll publish interviews and insights online and in print in an attempt to make this otherwise opaque industry more accessible and maybe even entertaining to everyone who is not inside the finance industry.

The tools at his disposal initially will include the many reporting capabilities available via the Guardian digital platform. The output will initially be text, data and multimedia, but he’s also interested in seeing how we could use all of his work to serve people in an ongoing way.

In the past people have turned long form journalism into books for posterity. But maybe there’s another way.

I’m guessing most people would answer ‘Wikipedia’ if asked where to find an accessible view into a complex issue. That would be an excellent answer. Most big topic pages in Wikipedia include a lot of depth including historical background, philosophical positions and good footnotes.

But the Wikipedia page is at best just one entry point on the journey toward understanding more complicated issues.

Many others now including innovative media organisations are exploring new approaches to breaking open long topics for the rest of us and showing some real success with it.

ProPublica’s analysis of educational accessibility in the United States, The Opportunity Gap, is a wonderful approach to bridging the gap between huge volumes of data and real human issues in the education system. The Economist hosts interactive debates with experts, and the New York Times is making some wonderful interactive news projects come to life. The new poll format employed after Osama bin Laden’s death to help people identify what that event meant to them was brilliant.

What these examples point to is a format that fuels better conversation rather than better packaging.

I think we can go much further still.

Dutch philosopher Johan Huizinga argued in the 1930’s that play is more important to culture than we typically recognize. He was famous for saying, “Let my playing be my learning, and my learning be my playing.”

Justice Sandra Day O’Connor founded a program called iCivics after she retired in 2006 designed to raise understanding and engagement in democracy. The organisation partnered with a game developer Filament Games to create several web-based games and teaching materials.

While some may argue that edutainment fails on both accounts – you don’t learn, and you don’t have fun – the ability to communicate complex issues through some form of play can be very powerful.

There are many applicable lessons about how the world really works to be learned from spending time with the Sims, Civilization, World of Warcraft and newer games like Eve online.

The world’s most successful board game ever made was an attempt to explain the economic theories of Henry George – Monopoly. In fact, an early variant of the game was actually called “The Fascinating Game of Finance.”

After listening to Joris and what he’s trying to do it’s easy to see that the player roles, game mechanics and environments for an imaginative new game are right at his fingertips. He will be talking to asset managers, brokers, lobbyists, analysts, CEOs, investors, academics and many others. They will tell him how the real game of finance works today.

Now, we don’t know how to make a good game, and we don’t even have a conception of whether we should try to create a single game or a collection of games. For example, might it make some sense to develop simple card games like Crunch – “the game for utter bankers”?

How do you keep score? What kinds of achievements will work? What’s the relationship with real world data? How does distribution work?

Also, what kinds of costs are we talking about? There are some fascinating approaches to funding and licensing games via Kickstarter, such as the NASA-backed multi-player online game. Should we use a similar model?

The first step is to initiate the discussion, set the stage for the right things to happen.

Joris will lead the way on his blog and start explaining what the real game of finance looks like and how it works.

Our hope is that we can create the environment for a real game to develop backed off what Joris finds in his research.

If you’re interested in coming along on this journey with us, please follow Joris on twitter @JLbankingblog and check in on his banking blog on the Guardian.

The binding effect of digital and physical worlds

One of the things that fascinates me about the whole mobile and social media landscape is the increasing importance the physical world plays in our digital experience and vice versa.

The devices are binding the physical and networked worlds and changing the shape of markets and social institutions.

I’ve become more interested in this because of n0tice.com, a new twist on a very old idea – the public noticeboard.

Many have considered technological convergence long before now. Marshall MacLuhan was one of the more articulate voices of this particular concept way back in the 1960’s.

More recently Google’s founders wanted their company to be the force that united the digital network with the physical world…this is a quote from Larry Page in 2004:

“Ultimately I view Google as a way to augment your brain with the knowledge of the world. Right now you go into your computer and type a phrase, but you can imagine that it could be easier in the future, that you can have just devices you talk into, or you can have computers that pay attention to what’s going on around them”

On the surface this binding effect may appear to be a simple and obvious evolution of technology we know and understand already, but the broader impact of the change feels bigger than the sum of its parts:

  1. First, there are, of course, the devices themselves, the point of contact. This is what we use to physically engage. The change we’re going through right now may not feel as different as the step we took from TV to PC, but you can imagine the step from PC to mobile device may feel even more dramatic in a few years…particularly as tiny sensors become like dust around us everywhere all the time.
  2. Then we can see innovations in the interfaces sitting on top of those devices. New OSes, browsers and apps – a whole software movement is accelerating via the unique capabilities of the devices and our relationships with them. The ones we see and use are the human to machine experiences, but there are also many automated machine-to-machine interfaces that we don’t even know are happening.
  3. The information flow as it extends into this new space has a different feel to it, a different utility, a different role in our lives. Much like TV started as radio programs on camera, many early mobile experiences are web sites on small browsers. That is changing fast as the mobile pure plays catch their stride. The digital incumbents have a long journey ahead of them still, but they are no longer sleepwalking into it and will surely get there soon.
  4. Lastly, the shape of the information itself is becoming increasingly atomized. It seems obvious how information is changing when you consider the more recent proliferation of microblogging and data journalism, but most people don’t realize the depth of knowledge forming beneath the surface. We’re probably not as conscious as we should be about the way different platforms extract knowledge about each of us from looking at the data exhaust we leave when we move around the network.

So, the ‘stack’, if you want to call it that, doesn’t feel totally foreign if you were paying attention during the first wave or two of network activity, but that’s only because it’s so early still.

Another way to look at the change is through Kevin Kelly’s eyes, which is always a smart thing to do. He describes the large-scale trends using the verbs: Screening, Interacting, Sharing, Flowing, Accessing, Generating

I’m particularly interested in the generative ideas he mentions here. I wrote a long form paper about that titled ‘Generative Media Networks.’

Many others have been talking about the movement toward the Internet of things:

“Fridges, buses and buildings will be able to share data and adapt to suit our needs. In fact, Cisco estimates that the number of “things” connected to the internet has already surpassed the number of people on earth.”

And one more approach to defining the broader trend comes from Tom Coates.  He developed a really nice visual way to describe some what’s happening in his presentation Everything the Network Touches:

 

Now, where things start to get interesting and make me think about the size of the opportunity ahead is when you realize how explicit and direct the network’s role is becoming in our lives. This is very different from Web 1.0 and 2.0.

The network is no longer a thing you spend time on. It doesn’t compete with other media sources for your attention, because it’s always there. Your attention to it is a matter of focus and intent, less of an on/off switch.

The network is no longer something you can only use when you’re sitting at a desk. You don’t have to go somewhere to get on it. It’s on you instead.

The network is increasingly becoming an extension of what we are thinking and doing, when and wherever we are thinking and doing it.

But perhaps most importantly, and this is where things really feel different from the PC-and-browser era, there’s a two-way bi-directional relationship with the network.

Sure, we had a person-to-person bi-directional network before the mobile era. But email, IM and social networking had to be triggered and engaged before it started working.

In the new physical-digital network era, the network can do things for us just by taking some context from the devices and software that are connected to us.

Gary Wolf explains one outcome of this binding effect in his TED talk on “The Quantified Self”.  He is referring to the many ways in which people are tracking their daily behaviors to understand more about themselves.

There was a word used a lot to characterize the way people and organizations need to behave in a connected world – ‘transparency’.

That was once just a thing people said, mostly frivolously, but now the scale of that truth is almost overwhelming.

It seems to me that we’ve barely scratched the surface, that the word ‘transparency‘ as we apply it today is going to feel like a toddler when this megatrend matures and we all fully embrace the externalization of our personal behaviors and social institutions.

For example, David Weinberger recently demontrated how the externalisation of the journalistic process is playing out on Reddit, in particular around their IAMA and TIL threads:

“it’s not exactly 60 Minutes. So what? This is one way citizen journalism looks. At its best, it asks questions we all want asked, unearths questions we didn’t know we wanted asked, asks them more forthrightly than most American journalists dare, and gets better — more honest — answers than we hear from the mainstream media.”

In a much more extreme case, the government of Iceland is being externalized through a collaborative rewrite of their constitution:

“A group of 25 citizens presented a draft of the constitution to Iceland’s parliament. The group, which is made up of ordinary residents, compiled the document online with the help of hundreds of others. The constitution council posted the first draft in April on its website and then let citizens comment via a Facebook Page. The council members are also active on Twitter, post videos of themselves on YouTube and put pictures on Flickr.”

It’s wonderful to see how important people’s voices have become to the fabric of the network.

In the Web 2.0 world we had a name for participation: ‘user generated content‘ or ‘UGC‘. While many recognized UGC was a terrible thing to call this new activity, people had no choice but to articulate the new thing in a way that those who didn’t participate online could understand.

In this new world, there’s no name for the stuff people contribute. It’s a redundant concept.

That is part of the inspiration for n0tice.com. I want to externalize all the constructs that shape a fact.  What would an information network look like if Richard Rogers were to architect it using the materials who, what, where and when?

It’s also the basis for another project we are working on around creative collaboration. Can creativity be flattened further so that it’s more accessible to a broader public? Can the commissioner be the commissioned?

I consistently find myself wanting to flip every problem around and to expose the systems and processes behind it. Everything gets filtered through the same lens: “What would happen if you turned it all upside down and inside out? Why can’t the seller be the buyer or the consumer be the producer? Is there a way to flatten the control structure and make the solution to the problem more accessible to more participants?  Can the solution generate new activities that form something better?”

While it doesn’t always help to reduce many important changes to a single concept, the world looks very different to me when viewed this way.

Humanity is becoming externalized, shaped by a binding effect between the digital and physical worlds, fuelled by the growth of generative media platforms.

Hopefully, I’ll be able to demonstrate what this actually means in reality and show how it can work soon.

There are many approaches to playing in this space.  The important thing is to be in it and to actually do something about it.

Stay tuned…

An open community news platform: n0tice.com

The last several weeks I’ve been working on a new project, a SoLoMo initiative, as John Doerr or Mary Meeker would call it.

One of those places
Noticeboard photo by Jer*ry

It’s a mobile publishing platform that resembles a community notice board.  It’s called n0tice*:

http://n0tice.com.

After seeing Google’s “News near you” service announced on Friday I thought it was a good time to jump into the conversation and share what I’m up to.  Clearly, there are a lot of people chasing the same or similar issues.

First, here’s some background.  Then I’ll detail what it does, how it works, and what I hope it will become.

What is n0tice?

It began as a simple hack day project over a year ago.  I was initially just curious about how location worked on the phone.  At first I thought that was going to be beyond me, and then Simon Willison enlightened me to the location capabilites inherent in modern web browsers. There are many solutions published out there. Here’s one.

It took half a second from working out how to identify a user’s location to realizing that this feature could be handy for citizen reporters.

Around the same time there was a really interesting little game called noticin.gs going around which was built by Tom Taylor and Tom Armitage, two incredibly talented UK developers.  The game rewarded people for being good at spotting interesting things in the world and capturing a photo of them.

Ushahidi was tackling emergency response reporting. And, of course, Foursquare was hitting its stride then, too.

These things were all capturing my imagination, and so I thought I would try something similar in the context of sharing news, events and listings in your community.

Photo by Roo Reynolds

However, I was quite busy with the Guardian’s Open Platform, as the team was moving everything out of beta, introducing some big new services and infusing it into the way we operate.  I learned a lot doing that which has informed n0tice, too, but it was another 12 months before I could turn my attention back to this project.  It doesn’t feel any less relevant today than it did then. It’s just a much more crowded market now.

What does n0tice do?

The service operates in two modes – reading and posting.

n0tice.com - what's near you nowWhen you go to n0tice.com it will first detect whether or not you’re coming from a mobile device.  It was designed for the iPhone first, but the desktop version is making it possible to integrate a lot of useful features, too.

(Lesson:  jQuery Mobile is amazing. It makes your mobile projects better faster. I wish I had used it from day one.)

It will then ask your permission to read your location.  If you agree, it grabs your latitude and longitude, and it shows you what has been published to n0tice within a close radius.

(Lesson: It uses Google Maps and their geocoder to get the location out of the browser, but then it uses Yahoo!’s geo services to do some of the other lookups since I wanted to work with different types of location objects.  This combination is clunky and probably a bad idea, but those tools are very robust.)

You can then zoom out or zoom in to see broader or more precise coverage.

Since it knows where you are already, it’s easy to post something you’ve seen near you, too.  You can actually post without being logged in, but there are some social incentives to encourage logged in behavior.

Like Foursquare’s Mayor analogy, n0tice has the ‘Editor’ badge.

The first person to post in a particular city becomes the Editor of that city.  The Editor can then be ousted if someone completes more actions in the same city or region.

It was definitely a challenge working out how to make sensible game mechanics work, but it was even harder finding the right mix of neighborhood, city, country, lat/long coordinates so that the idea of an ‘Editor’ was consistent from place to place.

London and New York, for example, are much more complicated given the importance of the neighborhoods yet poorly defined boundaries for them.

(Lesson: Login is handled via Facebook. Their platform has improved a lot in the last 12 months and feels much more ‘give-and-take’ than just ‘take’ as it used to. Now, I’m not convinced that the activities in a person’s local community are going to join up naturally via the Facebook paradigm, so it needs to be used more as a quickstart for a new service like this one.)

The ‘Editor’ mechanics are going to need a lot more work.  But what I like about the ‘Editor’ concept is that we can now start to endow more rights and priveleges upon each Editor when an area matures.

Perhaps Editors are the only ones who can delete posts. Perhaps they can promote important posts. Maybe they can even delegate authority to other participants or groups.

Of course, quality is always an issue with open communities. Having learned a few things about crowdsourcing activities at the Guardian now, there are some simple triggers in place that should make it easier to surface quality should the platform scale to a larger audience.

For example, rather than comments, n0tice accepts ‘Evidence’.

You can add a link to a story, post a photo, embed a video or even a storify feed that improve the post.

Also, the ratings aren’t merely positive/negative.  They ask if something matters, if people will care, and if it’s accurate. That type of engagement may be expecting too much of the community, but I’m hopeful it will work.

Of course, all this additional level of interactivity is only available on the desktop version, as the mobile version is intended to serve just two very specific use cases:

  1. getting a snapshot of what’s happening near you now
  2. posting something you’ve seen quickly and easily

How will n0tice make money?

Since the service is a community notice board, it makes sense to use an advertising model that people already understand in that context: classifieds.

Anyone can list something on n0tice for free that they are trying to sell.  Then they can buy featured promotional positions based on how large the area is in which they want their item to appear and for how long they want it to be seen there.

(Lesson: Integrating PayPal for payments took no time at all. Their APIs and documentation feel a little dated in some ways, but just as Facebook is fantastic as a quickstart tool for identity, PayPal is a brilliant quickstart for payments.)

Promotion on n0tice costs $1 per 1 mile radius per day. That’s in US dollars.

While still getting the word out and growing the community $1 will buy you a featured spot that lasts until more people come along and start buying up availability.

But there’s a lot we can do with this framework.

For example, I think it would make sense that a ‘Publisher’ role could be defined much like the ‘Editor’ for a region.

Perhaps a ‘Publisher’ could earn a percentage of every sale in a region.  The ‘Publisher’ could either earn that privelege or license it from us.

I’m also hopeful that we can make some standard affiliate services possible for people who want to use the ad platform in other apps and web sites across the Internet.  That will only really work if the platform is open.

How will it work for developers and partners?

The platform is open in every way.

There are both read and write APIs for it.  The mobile and desktop versions are both using those APIs, in fact.

The read API can be used without a key at the moment, and the write API is not very complicated to use.

So, for example, here are the 10 most recent news reports with the ‘crime’ tag in machine-readable form:

http://n0tice.com/api/readapi-reports.php?output=xml&tags=crime&count=10

The client code for the mobile version is posted on Github with an open license (we haven’t committed to which license, yet), though it is a few versions behind what is running on the live site.  That will change at some point.

And the content published on n0tice is all Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike so people can use it elsewhere commercially.

The idea in this approach to openness is that the value is in the network itself, the connections between things, the reputation people develop, the impact they have in their communities.

The data and the software are enablers that create and sustain the value.  So the more widely used the data and software become the more valuable the network is for all the participants.

How scalable is the platform?

The user experience can scale globally given it is based on knowing latitude and longitude, something treated equally everywhere in the world.  There are limitations with the lat/long model, but we have a lot of headroom before hitting those problems.

The architecture is pretty simple at the moment, really.  There’s not much to speak of in terms of directed graphs and that kind of thing, yet.  So the software, regardless of how badly written it is, which it most definitely is, could be rewritten rather quickly.  I suspect that’s inevitable, actually.

The software environment is a standard LAMP stack hosted on Dreamhost which should be good enough for now.  I’ve started hooking in things like Amazon’s CloudFront, but it’s not yet on EC2.  That seems like a must at some point, too.

The APIs should also help with performance if we make them more cacheable.

The biggest performance/scalability problem I foresee will happen when the gaming mechanics start to matter more and the location and social graphs get bigger.  It will certainly creak when lots of people are spending time doing things to build their reputation and acquire badges and socialize with other users.

If we do it right, we will learn from projects like WordPress and turn the platform into something that many people care about and contribute to.  It would surely fail if we took the view that we can be the only source of creative ideas for this platform.

To be honest, though, I’m more worried about the dumb things like choking on curly quotes in users’ posts and accidentally losing users’ badges than I’m worried about scaling.

It also seems likely that the security model for n0tice is currently worse than the performance and scalability model. The platform is going to need some help from real professionals on that front, for sure.

What’s the philosophy driving it?

There’s most definitely an ideology fueling n0tice, but it would be an overstatement to say that the vision is leading what we’re doing at the moment.

In its current state, I’m just trying to see if we can create a new kind of mobile publishing environment that appeals to lots of people.

There’s enough meat to it already, though, that the features are very easy to line up against the mission of being an open community notice board.

Local UK community champion Will Perrin said it felt like a “floating cloud of data that follows you around without having to cleave to distribution or boundary.”

I really like that idea.

Taking a wider view, the larger strategic context that frames projects like this one and things like the Open Platform is about being Open and Connected.  Recently, I’ve written about Generative Media Platforms and spoken about Collaborative Media.  Those ideas are all informing the decisions behind n0tice.

What does the future look like for n0tice?

The Guardian Media Group exists to deliver financial security for Guardian News and Media.

My hope is that we can move n0tice from being a hack to becoming a new GMG business that supports the Guardian more broadly.

The support n0tice provides should come in two forms: 1) new approaches to open and collaborative journalism and 2) new revenue streams.

It’s also very useful to have living projects that demonstrate the most extreme examples of ‘Open and Connected‘ models.  We need to be exploring things outside our core business that may point to the future in addition to moving our core efforts where we want to go.

We spend a lot of time thinking about openness and collaboration and the live web at the Guardian.  If n0tice does nothing more than illustrate what the future might look like then it will be very helpful indeed.

However, the more I work on this the more I think it’s less a demo of the future and more a product of the present.

Like most of the innovations in social media, the hard work isn’t the technology or even the business model.

The most challenging aspect of any social media or SoLoMo platform is making it matter to real people who are going to make it come alive.

If that’s also true for n0tice, then the hard part is just about to begin.

 


* The hack was originally called ‘News Signals’.  But after trying and failing to convince a few people that this was a good idea, including both technical people and potential users, such as my wife, I realized the name really mattered.

I’ve spent a lot of time thinking about generative media platforms, and the name needed to reflect that goal, something that spoke to the community’s behaviors through the network. It was supposed to be about people, not machines.

Now, of course, it’s hard to find a short domain name these days, but digits and dots and subdomains can make things more interesting and fun anyhow. Luckily, n0tice.com was available…that’s a zero for an ‘o’.

Where to find value in open strategies

I’ve been exploring some of the implications of openness at large scale and identifying how value is created.  One way to think about that is by positioning openness and empowerment against control and ownership.

When does control create value? What characteristics do the opposite extremes have in common?  What does success mean in a world that is constantly changing at seemingly increasing speed?

By ‘control’ I mean owning and defining product design, materials, rules, behaviors, processes, marketplace, pricing, etc. as opposed to ’empowerment’ which is all about fueling strength in others.

When you then compare that spectrum against a related tension in the world, change vs the status quo, some interesting things start to appear.

Here is a very generalized view of where certain industry sectors sit on this scale, in my mind.  None of this is based on real data or research.  It’s still just a working hypothesis.


I’m saying here that sectors like Finance and Manufacturing represent the status quo, industries where its customers want incremental change, if any at all.  By this measure, maintaining known outcomes through tumultuous times requires control of resources, distribution, etc.

Utility services similarly want to keep things in a sustainable state and reject transformative change.  The Utilities marketplace differs from Finance in that its success is dependent on how well it serves people’s needs as opposed to predetermining outcomes for people.

On the other side is Science where its core purpose is defined by the constant pressure to discover new, transformative ways of understanding the world.  Achieving success requires a great deal of control over details that only individuals and small teams can manipulate, often with great secrecy.

On the other hand, social software enables similarly transformative capabilities in the world, but its customers are empowered to make those changes happen, albeit very chaotic.  These organizations are defined by their own customers.

The argument then goes that success in each of these categories has slightly different characteristics but signficantly different core purposes.

What do people, business, industries want?

Some aim to sit safely and last as long as possible, while others want to do things and to be busy.  Some want to achieve or accomplish something new and important, and others want to grow toward something meaningful and to progress.

In the industrialized world, the reward for succeeding has traditionally meant cash money.  Historically, bigger financial rewards find their way to those who are able to sustain behaviors as opposed to those that intend to transform our world.

But not everyone does what they do primarily for cash reward.  Some do it for the recognition.  Others do it to be useful.

While fame and utility are strong incentives for many, money has very powerful gravitational pull, particularly at larger scales.

The power of money pulls many oganizations out of the worlds from which they were born into a place that ultimately values the status quo over change.

Now, this in and of itself is certainly not a bad thing.  Too often, though, the financial motive drowns good intentions and changes the essence of an organization.

From the outside this is what seems to be happening to companies like Yahoo!, Microsoft and even Google.  It’s becoming the expected outcome for Facebook, but certainly not its destiny.

Interestingly, Apple has come back from that dangerous death spiral to irrelevance of the ‘sans Jobs’ years, but they’ve done it by focusing on transformation as a core value, a cultural flag in a sense.  As change is the interminable force driving technological advancement, it makes sense to have an intentional approach to it if you are a technology company…and even if you’re not.

This argument doesn’t suggest that more closed organizations like Apple, Microsoft, News International, Disney, etc. are unsuccessful.  By most commercial measures they are all very successful, indeed.

Rather, this argument suggests that the characteristics of a closed approach to operating mean that change and growth are dependent on the organization’s achievements, it’s discoveries, it’s own capabilities against everyone else’s.

It means closed organizations operate on their own and compete for points of control.  Winning comes at the expense of others.

The open approach means that change and growth happen by giving, by strengthening others, by creating spaces for opportunity.

The rewards for being successful as an open agent of change are profound.  By valuing utility, service, relationships, tangible impact and effect over precision, being right, process and method you become part of a larger, deeper, more meaningful change in people’s lives.

This is not to say that operating on the edge of change doesn’t also have commercial value.  Being first to market has huge financial advantages if they are played correctly.

I might argue, actually, that being an open organization focused on change is no different than a closed organization in terms of how to approach building commercial value.

If you are not on the edge of change then you are more susceptible to the intense pull of the change-resistant markets sucking you back the other direction.  In that case, you risk losing focus on your intentions and instead become focused exclusively on cash rewards to survive.

Then without a Mr. Jobs to recenter your target on the future your options close down in front of you very quickly.

Value in open organizations operating at large scale, therefore, is created through healthy relationships with others, by giving value to them, by creating value for new partnerships, opening opportunties on the edge of change.

In return, if it is in fact uniquely useful, the open organization becomes a dependency for its customers and partners.  And that is a position of strength with many positive commercial outcomes.

Generative Media Networks: Fueling growth through action: Introduction

Strong digital media businesses fuel valuable activity across networks.

While the things that media organizations produce can define the brand, what happens as a result of producing an article, some data, a picture, a video, a package of stories, a sponsored message, a retail advertisement is what defines the value of the business.

In particular, it’s the generative media platforms that become the strongest.

This means that a platform benefits from the actions that their customers, participants and users take and then, crucially, reflects more value back out to them as a result of their actions, encouraging them to do more.

Those actions may be as simple as spending time with an article or buying a book, or it may be as complicated as managing a community or even campaigning for causes.

It’s about empowering people, supporting and helping people to accomplish things.

In the same way the reality of things observed are affected by the observer (ie “If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?”) media businesses have a co-dependency with their customers.

For newspaper businesses, that co-dependency was traditionally managed through paper, trucks and newsstands in the past.  Then in the early Internet years, most media brands’ web sites served merely as new access points, a co-dependence defined by the digital newsstand also known as Google.

The domain-as-distribution model works, but it is also incomplete and doesn’t embrace the larger powers inherent in networks.

The mesh-like characteristics of the Internet reward platform approaches to media, one where the actions of one node in the network can be interpreted by the platform as additive information for other nodes on the network to use.

How does a news-driven business operate in a network-shaped marketplace?

There’s a common model amongst many of the most successful Internet companies…they function as platforms for a network of activity.  As a result, all their moving parts and relationships resemble an ecosystem.

I’ll try to use this series to articulate what that looks like to me.  It comes from a bit of experience trying to make such a thing work and from lots of observation across the market over a few years now.

In this case, I’m exploring how to tackle it from 3 different points of view.  I’ll start with some larger market context.  Then I’ll go into a more operational context, showing lots of examples. Finally, I’ll look at how the trajectory sheds light on what the future may hold for this model.

Where possible I’ll use examples from what we’re doing at the Guardian to illustrate what I’m talking about, but, to be clear, this is not a definitive strategy, by any means.  I’m posting it all here in hopes that others will chime in and help evolve the concepts further or show me better ways to think about this stuff.


This series is an attempt to assemble some ideas I’ve been exploring for a while.  Most of it is new, and some of it is from previous blog posts and recent-ish presentations. I’ve split the document up into a series of posts on the blog here, but it can also be downloaded in full as a PDF or viewed as a sort of ebook via Scribd:


Generative Media Networks: Fueling growth through action: Market context

What’s happening in the world that defines the wider context for news ecosystems?  What do we know about how the world is moving and where it’s going that can create some clarity on a more tangible level.

The more obvious techtonic shifts affecting us all across the market include things like:

  • The increasing numbers of people going online globally
  • Increasingly easy and more powerful software tools for creation and ongoing industry standards battles
  • The changing distribution methods, including increasingly influential nodes in the network or “points of control”
  • Tighter relationships between the network and real world things and vice versa
  • Cashflow paths moving online, new streams of revenue and old streams reinvented
  • Human behaviors, new norms, real cultural shifts
  • New regulation, industry decision-making and the long view of rules

The people, companies, technologies, economics and social issues are going through massive change.  The intensity across the space is incredible, in some cases expressed through exponential growth curves.

The proven models for success online tend to embrace the whole network as the medium.  The global network itself is the distribution platform.  The network is the market, the medium, the space in which we’re doing our jobs every day.

Why does the network-as-marketplace matter?  Here are a few reasons that publishers must consider:

First, competing on audience is very hard.

As a news business, we are simultaneously competing on a finite number of newsstands against a limited number of newspaper publishers in one kind of market and a completely different digital market where everyone in the world has equally easy access to every other news publisher in the world.  The Guardian is doing very well on that shelf space.  guardian.co.uk served more than 40M users in November 2010.  But that’s a fraction of what many on this same shelf space are achieving.

ComScore reported that the Top 5 “Properties” in the US each had well over 100M unique visitors in November 2010, all of the top 50 well over 20M.  That’s just their US traffic.  Most of them have strong international audiences, too, inflating those numbers even higher.

Even more dramatic are the numbers powering the ad networks.  ComScore reported that the Top 50 Ad Networks all reached well over 100M uniques in November 2010.

Distributed platforms are winning the pursuit for eyeballs with and without the help of big ‘properties’.

That’s not to say that such a pursuit is fruitless.

I can’t seem to find any current numbers on total Internet population, but as of December 2008, comScore was reporting that the total number of people online in the world had reached 1 billion.

One billion!  Wow, that’s a lot.

Yet, it’s not.  That means only 15% of all people are using the Internet.  Any ambitious entrepreneur sees big opportunity in numbers like that.

Not everyone sees the opportunity in developing new web sites, though.

Chris Anderson of Wired Magazine posited that the opportunity wasn’t on the web at all, that the web we get via web browsers was in fact dying.  In his view, the world of apps and devices was changing the shape of the digital media opportunity and that the Web was actually beginning to fail as a platform.

It’s a very thought-provoking hypothesis.

The Internet didn’t like Anderson’s idea, and the opposing arguments appeared instantly.

It turns out that Anderson’s premise was built on bad data.

Sure, the activity on the web has been shrinking as a percentage of all activity on the Internet.

But all activity on the Internet has been growing exponentially, including all the web-based activity.  The growth rate of video and P2P activity has been mindblowing over the last 2-3 years, but so has activity on the web.

The growth is so astounding, actually, that it’s worth considering some hard questions:

  • What exactly have we changed in the last 2-3 years to be a part of that growth?
  • What’s different about what we do today compared to 2-3 years ago?
  • Are we part of that growth, or are we merely benefitting from the normal usage curve that results from more people joining the network?

Leading indicators

Going back up to the list of techtonic shifts, the number of people online is clearly affecting this growth.  The software for publishing is getting better and more accessible.  Blogging and messaging platforms, CMS tools, network-based social products, and photo and video sharing sites are bringing creation to the masses.

Google’s search index boasted over 1 trillion documents way back in 2008.  Twitter, Facebook and new players like Tumblr have all seen exponential growth curves, too.

It’s not just the big dotcom media space that’s popping.  Mary Meeker’s wonderful Web 2.0 Summit slides show the dramatic increase in smart phone shipments and the possibility of those shipments eclipsing PCs in the next 2 years.

If that weren’t enough, the money is really flowing, too.

E-commerce sales will represent 8 percent of all retail sales in the U.S. by 2014, growing to $250 billion, according to Forrester.  For example, GroupOn, which seemingly came out of nowhere, now earns $800 million, according to several sources, and it’s growing toward $2 billion.

Are we in the middle of a perfect storm?  What does it mean?


This series is an attempt to assemble some ideas I’ve been exploring for a while.  Most of it is new, and some of it is from previous blog posts and recent-ish presentations. I’ve split the document up into a series of posts on the blog here, but it can also be downloaded in full as a PDF or viewed as a sort of ebook via Scribd:


Generative Media Networks: Fueling growth through action: What it means for journalism

Market context may seem far away to when you’re reporting and editing the news every day, building web pages, writing code, selling display ads, presenting marketing plans, managing managers, etc.  But, equally, failing to recognize when market conditions are affecting you and your company is a sort of occupational hazard.

Let’s get to the real question: “What is different today?”

Where media businesses once believed that winning digitally meant attracting eyeballs to web pages today there’s a greater understanding about the role of the various platforms around the network and the value of the network itself.

This blog post from Jeff Jarvis articulates the idea well:

“In the new distributed world you want to be where the people are…The media brand is less a destination and a magnet to draw people there than a label once you’ve found the content, wherever and however you found it.”

This is very much the kind of thinking that inspired the Open Platform.

The Open Platform is the suite of services that enable people to build applications with the Guardian.  We have a Content API that gives people access to republish Guardian content.  The Data Store offers raw data for people to download and reuse.  Our Politics API is an open database of candidates, voting records, election results, etc.  And, finally, the MicroApp framework is a plugin architecture for integrating apps built by partners and our own teams into our platform.

What this platform enables is a different kind of relationship with everyone and everything around us.

Whereas the pre-internet newspaper world looked like a one-way relationship, the new era is one where we grow as others grow, a circular relationship, a self-reinforcing marketplace.

Increasing bi-directionality through mutualization

Alan Rusbridger has given a couple of fantastic speeches this year that put more perspective around this philosophy.  Of the many quotable passages in the Cudlipp Lecture from January 2010, Alan says,

“Our most interesting experiments lie in combining what we know with the experience of the people who want to participate rather than passively receive.”

He refers to some wonderful imagery by Andrzej Krauze, the first depicting a staff of journalists chucking newspapers over a wall to people scampering about madly, the second of two men standing nose-to-nose with a hole through the newspaper as if the journalist and reader are both uncomfortable with their proximity.

Alan is embracing “mutualisation”, breaking down the wall between publisher and reader, reinforcing the strengths of ideas through collaboration, making a greater impact by working together.  It’s an approach to social media that has a clear intent.

There are many many approaches to evolving journalism in this new world, and we therefore must get back to some basics and consider what it’s for.  I think Jay Rosen is often very insightful in this context.  He recently said:

“Journalists should describe the world in a way that helps us participate in political life.”

On a macro level, journalism should inspire people to change the things that they can change or at least to understand what it is that they are accepting that won’t change as a result of inaction.

On a tangible level, the results of good journalism mean that people read, watch, think, talk, write, participate, help, challenge…that people do things.

The commercial intent is the same, of course.  The media business wants to inspire people to explicitly show interest in things, to promote things, to sell things, and to buy things.

If a media organization can make a virtue of inspiring action across all the things that it does, empowering people to do things, whether as individuals or as groups and organizations, then more people will want to participate and partner, building more value for everyone…creating a generative media network.

To be clear, this approach mustn’t be mistaken for advocacy journalism.

Time spent, referral activity, sharing and re-use, commenting, and response can all be used to measure what kind of actions result from a story without threatening a journalist’s independence from external influences, either political or commercial.

Equally, spaces must exist for biases to be expressed.  This is particularly important when there’s an expectation to form a relationship with people.

At the Guardian, our future is dependent on trust, on our ability to produce insightful, responsible, and accurate information.

We can wrap general editorial policies and standards around our work to reinforce that trust, but we must also make extra efforts to ensure people don’t misinterpret any biases and feel deceived as a result.

As Jonathan Stray blogged recently:

“Journalism has no theory of change — at least not at the level of practice.  I’ve taken to asking editors, “what do you want your work to change in society?” The answer is generally along the lines of, “we aren’t here to change things. We are only here to publish information.” I don’t think that’s an acceptable answer.

Journalism without effect does not deserve the special place in democracy that it tries to claim.”

The core mission of the news business is still about good journalism.  It always will be.

The business side of the house needs to worry less about controlling how journalism is delivered to people and more about what people do as a result of it affecting them…and, crucially, that it is, in fact, affecting people.


This series is an attempt to assemble some ideas I’ve been exploring for a while.  Most of it is new, and some of it is from previous blog posts and recent-ish presentations. I’ve split the document up into a series of posts on the blog here, but it can also be downloaded in full as a PDF or viewed as a sort of ebook via Scribd: